Journal: Acta Neuropathologica Communications
Article Title: Cytoplasmic LIM domain only 2 enhances tumor endothelial cell migration through integrin β1-mediated focal adhesion signaling
doi: 10.1186/s40478-026-02244-8
Figure Lengend Snippet: LMO2 is highly expressed in the tumor vasculature. UMAP visualization of single-cell transcriptomic data from patients with glioblastoma ( n = 55,284 cells from 11 individual datasets), annotated by cell type using the Johnson et al . dataset , colored, and grouped by cell type. A UMAP highlighting the distribution of LMO2-positive cells across the annotated cell populations. B Heatmap showing the histological localization of mRNA expression of LMO family members ( LMO1–4 ), generated from the Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project (IvyGAP, https://glioblastoma.alleninstitute.org/ ). VEGFR1 , VEGFR2 , and DLL4 were used as positive controls for tumor vasculature-associated histological regions. The relative expression levels are normalized, converted to z-scores, and visualized as a heatmap. C mRNA expression levels of LMO family members ( LMO1 , LMO2 , LMO3 , and LMO4 ) specifically in the microvascular proliferation and hyperplastic blood vessels region within the brain tumor histological subtype, determined using data from the Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project ( https://glioblastoma.alleninstitute.org/ ). Expression values are normalized and presented as log 2 (FPKM + 1). Statistical significance was assessed using ordinary one-way ANOVA (**** P < 0.0001). Sample size: LMO1 ( n = 17), LMO2 ( n = 25), LMO3 ( n = 24) and LMO4 ( n = 25) for microvascular proliferation; LMO1 ( n = 17), LMO2 ( n = 25), LMO3 ( n = 24) and LMO4 ( n = 25) for hyperplastic blood vessels. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. D Immunofluorescence imaging of U87MG xenograft sections showing CD31⁺LMO2⁺ vessels (DAPI, blue; LMO2, green; CD31, red). Tile scan images are shown at low (left, scale bar = 2 000 μm) and high (right, scale bar = 200 μm) magnifications. n = 2 biological replicates. E Immunofluorescence analysis of CD31⁺LMO2⁺ vessels in multiple glioma xenografts, including 528NS, LN229, U87MG, and MD13 tumors (DAPI, blue; LMO2, green; CD31, red). Scale bar = 200 μm. n = 3 biological replicates per model. F Quantification of CD31⁺LMO2⁺ vessel proportion among total CD31⁺ vasculature in tumor versus adjacent normal brain regions. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was assessed using two-sided unpaired t-tests (** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001). n = 3 biological replicates
Article Snippet: Human GBM cell lines LN229 and U87MG were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA) and maintained in high-glucose (4500 mg/L) DMEM (SH30243.01; HyClone), supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (SH30919.03; HyClone), 1% penicillin/streptomycin, 2 mM L-glutamine, and 50 μg/mL gentamicin.
Techniques: Single Cell, Expressing, Generated, Immunofluorescence, Imaging
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